Injuries of the face and jaws
Facial trauma may affect bone, teeth, soft tissues, the eye socket and the dental bite. Some injuries require emergency assessment.
What assessment looks for
- Changes in vision, mouth opening or dental bite.
- Loss of sensation, deformity or abnormal mobility.
- Wounds, bleeding, dental injury or clear fluid from the nose.
- Signs of associated head or neck injury.
Imaging and treatment decisions
CT is often used when fracture is suspected. Not every fracture needs surgery: some heal with observation and precautions, while others require reduction and fixation to restore function and anatomy.
Recovery and follow-up
Diet, nose blowing, oral hygiene, sport and smoking precautions depend on the fracture. Healing takes several weeks. Follow-up checks vision, bite, sensation and wound healing.
Emergency signs
Loss of vision, sudden double vision, breathing difficulty, uncontrolled bleeding, loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, confusion or rapid deterioration requires emergency care.
Related information
Medical sources
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS — facial fractures
- French Society of Stomatology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery (SFSCMFCO) — patient information
Last editorial review: August 2026. This page provides general information and does not replace an examination, diagnosis or personalised treatment plan.