Ulcers, patches, burning and oral lesions
Most oral lesions are benign, but a persistent or unusual change should be examined and may need biopsy.
Changes to look for
- An ulcer that does not heal.
- A white, red or pigmented patch.
- A lump, hard area, bleeding or pain.
- Burning mouth, dryness or swallowing discomfort.
- A lesion associated with a denture, sharp tooth or biting.
The consultation
Assessment covers duration, progression, medication, habits and associated conditions. The whole mouth and neck are examined. Follow-up photographs, swabs, blood tests or biopsy are used only when useful.
Treatment
Care depends on diagnosis: removing local trauma, treating infection or inflammation, managing systemic disease, excision or specialist referral. Prolonged self-medication may obscure progression.
Do not ignore persistence
Any unusual lesion persisting for more than about ten days—especially a hard ulcer or red/white patch—should be assessed.
Related information
Medical sources
- French National Cancer Institute — oral cancer signs
- French Society of Stomatology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Surgery (SFSCMFCO) — patient information
Last editorial review: August 2026. This page provides general information and does not replace an examination, diagnosis or personalised treatment plan.