Jaw pain and temporomandibular disorders
Pain in front of the ear, chewing discomfort, restricted movement or joint sounds often relate to a temporomandibular disorder, usually managed conservatively first.
Possible symptoms
- Pain in the joint or chewing muscles.
- Clicking, catching or locking.
- Limited or deviated mouth opening.
- Muscle fatigue, headache or chewing difficulty.
Diagnosis is primarily clinical
Examination assesses movement, muscles, joints, bite and triggers. Imaging is not routine; it is used when it may change management or when an intra-articular or other condition is suspected.
First-line management
- Education and reassurance.
- Temporary soft diet and avoiding painful overuse.
- Guided exercises, muscle care or physiotherapy.
- Appropriate pain relief after professional advice.
- An occlusal splint in selected cases with monitoring.
Limited role for surgery
Intervention is reserved for specific diagnoses after well-conducted conservative management has failed. An isolated painless click does not necessarily require treatment.
Seek prompt assessment
Persistent sudden locking, trauma, swelling with fever, neurological pain or deteriorating general health requires prompt evaluation.
Related information
Medical sources
Last editorial review: August 2026. This page provides general information and does not replace an examination, diagnosis or personalised treatment plan.