Third molars
Wisdom teeth are not removed routinely. Extraction is considered when disease, symptoms or a clearly identified clinical risk justifies it.
When removal may be indicated
- Repeated infection around the tooth.
- Non-restorable decay, damage to the adjacent tooth or periodontal disease.
- An associated cyst or lesion.
- Pain or a complication shown to arise from the tooth.
- A specific need linked to another treatment after individual assessment.
Pre-operative assessment
Clinical examination and panoramic X-ray are usual. Three-dimensional imaging is requested only when the relationship to a nerve or another anatomical concern must be clarified. Report anticoagulants, allergies, pregnancy, smoking and relevant conditions.
Procedure and recovery
Removal may be performed under local or, in selected cases, general anaesthesia. Pain, swelling and restricted mouth opening are common initially. Gentle hygiene, a suitable diet and following the prescription support healing.
Risks
Possible complications include infection, bleeding, dry socket, damage to an adjacent tooth and, for some lower teeth, temporary or rarely persistent altered sensation of the lip, chin or tongue.
When to call after surgery
Contact the team for persistent bleeding despite pressure, fever, swelling that worsens after several days, uncontrolled pain, difficulty swallowing or breathing.
Related information
Medical sources
Last editorial review: August 2026. This page provides general information and does not replace an examination, diagnosis or personalised treatment plan.